全面掌握宠物英语：从种类、护理到医疗，一篇搞定您的全球养宠指南！67

作为一名专业的宠物专家，我深知无论您身处何地，宠物都是我们生活中不可或缺的伴侣。随着全球化的深入，掌握一些基本的宠物英语不仅能帮助您更好地了解国际宠物文化、获取最新的养宠资讯，更能在海外旅行、居住或与国际宠物社群交流时，成为您与爱宠沟通的桥梁。无论是描述爱宠的习性、咨询兽医的意见，还是选购宠物用品，一套系统的宠物英语词汇都将让您如虎添翼。

本文将为您呈现一份全面且深入的“宠物的英语大全”，覆盖从宠物种类、身体部位、行为情绪到日常护理、训练指令及健康医疗等各个方面。让我们一起踏上这场充满爱与知识的英语学习之旅吧！

一、常见的宠物种类与品种 (Common Pet Species and Breeds)

了解不同宠物的英语名称是基础，更进一步，我们还要知道它们的常见品种。

1. 狗狗 (Dogs - Canine)

Dog (狗狗): 成年犬。
Puppy (幼犬): 小狗。
Purebred (纯种犬): 有明确血统的犬。
Mixed-breed / Mutt (串串): 混血犬。
Common Breeds (常见品种):

Golden Retriever (金毛寻回犬): 忠诚、友善。
Labrador Retriever (拉布拉多寻回犬): 活泼、聪明。
Poodle (贵宾犬): 聪明、多种体型（Standard, Miniature, Toy）。
Bulldog (斗牛犬): 憨厚、安静（包括French Bulldog法国斗牛犬）。
German Shepherd (德国牧羊犬): 忠诚、勇敢、警惕。
Beagle (比格犬): 好奇、精力充沛。
Corgi (柯基犬): 活泼、短腿。
Chihuahua (吉娃娃): 体型最小的犬种之一。
Shiba Inu (柴犬): 独立、警惕。
Husky (哈士奇): 活泼、精力旺盛。

2. 猫咪 (Cats - Feline)

Cat (猫咪): 成年猫。
Kitten (幼猫): 小猫。
Domestic Shorthair (DSH) (家养短毛猫): 最常见的家猫。
Domestic Longhair (DLH) (家养长毛猫): 毛发较长的家猫。
Common Breeds (常见品种):

Persian (波斯猫): 长毛、扁脸、温顺。
Siamese (暹罗猫): 短毛、蓝色眼睛、爱叫。
Maine Coon (缅因猫): 体型大、长毛、友善。
British Shorthair (英国短毛猫): 圆脸、短毛、性格温和。
Ragdoll (布偶猫): 温顺、蓝眼睛。
Sphynx (斯芬克斯猫): 无毛、独特外观。

3. 小型哺乳动物 (Small Mammals)

Rabbit / Bunny (兔子): 小兔子通常叫bunny。
Hamster (仓鼠):
Guinea Pig (豚鼠/荷兰猪):
Ferret (雪貂):
Hedgehog (刺猬):

4. 鸟类 (Birds)

Parrot (鹦鹉):
Budgie / Parakeet (虎皮鹦鹉):
Cockatiel (玄凤鹦鹉):
Canary (金丝雀):
Lovebird (爱情鸟/牡丹鹦鹉):

5. 鱼类 (Fish)

Goldfish (金鱼):
Betta fish / Siamese fighting fish (斗鱼):
Tropical fish (热带鱼):
Aquarium (水族箱):

6. 爬行动物与两栖动物 (Reptiles and Amphibians)

Turtle (乌龟 - 水生):
Tortoise (陆龟 - 陆生):
Snake (蛇):
Lizard (蜥蜴):
Frog (青蛙):

二、宠物身体部位及特征 (Pet Body Parts and Characteristics)

了解宠物的身体构造，对于描述其外貌、发现异常或与兽医沟通至关重要。
Head (头):
Muzzle / Snout (口鼻部): 动物的鼻子和嘴部区域。
Whiskers (胡须): 猫狗等动物的触须。
Ears (耳朵):

Pricked ears (立耳): 如德国牧羊犬。
Floppy ears (耷拉耳): 如金毛寻回犬。

Eyes (眼睛): Iris (虹膜), Pupil (瞳孔).
Nose (鼻子): Wet nose (湿鼻子), Dry nose (干鼻子)。
Teeth (牙齿): Canine teeth (犬齿), Molars (臼齿).
Tongue (舌头):
Body (身体): Torso (躯干).
Neck (脖子):
Back (背部):
Legs (腿): Forelegs (前腿), Hindlegs (后腿).
Paws (爪子): 指狗猫的脚掌。
Claws / Nails (爪子/指甲):
Paw pads (脚垫): 爪子下方的肉垫。
Dewclaw (狼爪): 位于犬猫腿部内侧，通常不接触地面。
Tail (尾巴): Wagging tail (摇尾巴), Tucked tail (夹尾巴).
Fur / Hair (毛发): 指动物的毛。
Coat (被毛): 指动物全身毛发的总称。

Short-haired (短毛):
Long-haired (长毛):
Curly (卷毛): 如贵宾犬。
Wiry (刚毛): 如梗犬。
Smooth (顺滑):

Coat Patterns (被毛花色):

Solid (纯色):
Striped (条纹): 如虎斑猫 (Tabby cat)。
Spotted (斑点): 如豹猫。
Brindle (虎斑色):
Tricolor (三色): 如边境牧羊犬。
Bi-color (双色):

Skin (皮肤):

三、宠物行为与情绪 (Pet Behaviors and Emotions)

理解宠物的行为语言能帮助我们更好地回应它们的需求。

1. 常见行为动词 (Common Behavior Verbs)

Bark (犬吠): The dog barks at strangers.
Meow (猫叫): The cat meows for food.
Purr (打呼噜 - 猫): Cats often purr when they're happy.
Hiss (嘶嘶声 - 猫): A cat might hiss when it feels threatened.
Growl (咆哮): Dogs growl to warn.
Whine (呜咽): A puppy might whine when it misses its mother.
Wag tail (摇尾巴): Dogs wag their tails when excited.
Fetch (捡回): Play fetch with a ball.
Sit (坐下):
Stay (待着):
Come (过来):
Down (趴下):
Jump (跳):
Scratch (抓挠): Cats scratch posts to sharpen claws.
Lick (舔): My dog licks my hand.
Sniff (嗅探): Dogs sniff around to explore.
Dig (挖洞): Some dogs love to dig.
Roll over (打滚):
Groom (梳理毛发): Cats groom themselves frequently.
Sleep (睡觉):
Nap (小睡):
Eat (吃):
Drink (喝):
Chew (啃咬): Puppies love to chew.
Pant (喘气): Dogs pant when they are hot.

2. 宠物情绪与状态 (Pet Emotions and States)

Happy (开心): My dog is so happy to see me.
Excited (兴奋): The cat gets excited for playtime.
Calm (平静): She is a very calm cat.
Anxious (焦虑): Some dogs suffer from separation anxiety (分离焦虑).
Scared / Frightened (害怕): The dog is scared of thunder.
Aggressive (攻击性强): He shows signs of aggression.
Playful (爱玩耍的): Puppies are usually very playful.
Curious (好奇的): Cats are naturally curious.
Loyal (忠诚的): Dogs are known for being loyal.
Protective (保护欲强的): He is very protective of his family.
Affectionate (充满感情的): My cat is very affectionate.
Timid / Shy (胆怯的):
Sleepy (困倦的):
Hungry (饥饿的):
Thirsty (口渴的):

四、宠物护理与日常用品 (Pet Care and Daily Supplies)

照顾好宠物是每个主人的责任，这些词汇能帮助您更好地进行日常护理。

1. 喂养与食物 (Feeding and Food)

Pet food (宠物食品):
Kibble / Dry food (狗粮/猫粮 - 干粮):
Wet food / Canned food (湿粮/罐头):
Treats (零食/奖励):
Food bowl (食盆):
Water bowl (水碗):
Automatic feeder (自动喂食器):
Diet (饮食): Balanced diet (均衡饮食).
Feed (喂食): I feed my dog twice a day.

2. 美容与洗护 (Grooming and Hygiene)

Grooming (梳理/美容):
Brush (刷子/梳理): I brush my cat's fur daily.
Comb (梳子):
Pet shampoo (宠物香波):
Conditioner (护毛素):
Nail clippers (指甲剪):
Grooming salon (宠物美容院):
Trim (修剪): Trim nails (剪指甲).
Bath (洗澡): Give a bath (给...洗澡).
De-shedding (脱毛处理):
Dental care (牙齿护理): Toothbrush (牙刷), Toothpaste (牙膏).

3. 玩耍与运动 (Play and Exercise)

Leash (牵引绳):
Collar (项圈):
Harness (胸背带):
Toys (玩具): Chew toy (磨牙玩具), Squeaky toy (发声玩具), Fetch toy (抛接玩具).
Ball (球):
Frisbee (飞盘):
Scratching post (猫抓板):
Cat tree / Cat condo (猫爬架):
Walk (散步): Take the dog for a walk.
Run (跑步):
Fetch (玩飞盘/捡球):

4. 住所与排泄 (Housing and Waste)

Crate (航空箱/狗笼):
Kennel (狗舍/犬舍):
Pet bed (宠物床):
Litter box (猫砂盆):
Cat litter (猫砂):
Poop bag (拾便袋):
Waste scooper (拾便器):
Aquarium (水族箱):
Cage (笼子 - 鸟、仓鼠等):
Bedding (垫料 - 小动物):

五、宠物训练与指令 (Pet Training and Commands)

有效的训练能帮助宠物更好地融入家庭生活，这些指令是国际通用的。

1. 基本指令 (Basic Commands)

Sit (坐下):
Stay (待着/别动):
Come (过来):
Down (趴下):
Heel (随行): 让狗紧随主人。
Leave It (不碰/放弃):
Drop It (放下):
Potty (去排泄): 指导宠物大小便。
No (不行):
Good boy / Good girl (好孩子): 表扬。

2. 训练相关术语 (Training Related Terms)

Training (训练): Obedience training (服从训练).
Trainer (训练师):
Positive reinforcement (正向强化): 通过奖励鼓励良好行为。
Clicker training (响片训练):
Reward (奖励):
Praise (表扬): Verbal praise (口头表扬).
Socialization (社会化): 让宠物适应不同环境和个体。

六、宠物健康与医疗 (Pet Health and Medical)

当爱宠生病时，能够准确描述病情并与兽医沟通至关重要。

1. 医疗人员与机构 (Medical Personnel and Facilities)

Veterinarian / Vet (兽医):
Vet technician / Vet nurse (兽医助理/护士):
Animal hospital / Vet clinic (动物医院/诊所):
Emergency vet (急诊兽医):

2. 常见疾病与症状 (Common Illnesses and Symptoms)

Illness / Sickness (疾病/生病): My pet is sick.
Healthy (健康的):
Fever (发烧):
Cough (咳嗽):
Sneeze (打喷嚏):
Vomit (呕吐): My dog is vomiting.
Diarrhea (腹泻):
Limp (跛行): My cat is limping.
Injury (受伤):
Wound (伤口):
Infection (感染):
Allergy (过敏): Food allergy (食物过敏).
Parasite (寄生虫):

Flea (跳蚤):
Tick (蜱虫):
Worm (蠕虫/寄生虫): Heartworm (心丝虫), Roundworm (蛔虫).

Dehydration (脱水):
Obesity (肥胖):
Arthritis (关节炎):
Dental disease (牙齿疾病):
Tumor (肿瘤): Benign (良性), Malignant (恶性).
Pain (疼痛):
Loss of appetite (食欲不振):
Lethargy (嗜睡/精神不振):

3. 医疗程序与药物 (Medical Procedures and Medication)

Vaccination (疫苗接种): Rabies vaccine (狂犬疫苗).
Check-up / Examination (检查/体检): Annual check-up (年度体检).
Diagnosis (诊断):
Prescription (处方):
Medication (药物): Antibiotics (抗生素), Painkillers (止痛药).
Surgery (手术):
Spay (母犬/猫绝育):
Neuter (公犬/猫绝育):
Blood test (血液检查):
X-ray (X光片):
Ultrasound (超声波):
Microchip (微芯片植入):
Quarantine (隔离):

七、宠物相关常用短语与表达 (Common Pet Phrases and Expressions)

掌握这些常用短语，让您的交流更加顺畅自然。

1. 日常交流 (Daily Communication)

"What's your pet's name?" (您的宠物叫什么名字？)
"How old is your pet?" (您的宠物多大了？)
"Is it a boy or a girl?" (它是公的还是母的？)
"Can I pet your dog/cat?" (我可以摸您的狗/猫吗？)
"My pet is very friendly." (我的宠物很友善。)
"He/She is well-behaved." (它很乖。)
"He/She loves treats." (它喜欢零食。)
"We adopted him/her from a shelter." (我们是从收容所领养的它。)
"He/She is a rescue." (它是一只救助犬/猫。)
"I need to take my pet to the vet." (我需要带我的宠物去看兽医。)
"My pet is not feeling well." (我的宠物感觉不舒服。)

2. 常见宠物谚语与习语 (Common Pet Idioms and Sayings)

"It's raining cats and dogs." (倾盆大雨): 形容雨下得很大。
"Let the cat out of the bag." (泄露秘密): 意为不小心透露了秘密。
"A dog's life." (悲惨的生活): 形容生活困苦或不快。
"Every dog has its day." (人人都有得意时): 意为每个人都有机会成功或受到好运。
"Curiosity killed the cat." (好奇害死猫): 意为过度好奇可能带来危险。
"Buy a pig in a poke." (盲目购买): 指在不了解情况或未检查商品的情况下就购买。
"Top dog." (领导者/最强者): 指组织或群体中处于最高地位的人。

结语 (Conclusion)

希望这份“宠物的英语大全”能为您提供一个全面的学习框架。从基础的宠物名称到复杂的医疗术语，每一个词汇都承载着您对爱宠的关心与责任。掌握这些英语不仅能让您在全球范围内无障碍地分享养宠乐趣，更能让您在面对突发状况时，沉着应对，为爱宠争取最佳的照护。

养宠物是一段美丽的旅程，学习宠物英语则是这段旅程中的一项实用技能。请记住，实践是最好的老师，多听、多说、多读与宠物相关的英文内容，您将能更自信、更专业地成为一位全球化的宠物主人！

2025-11-01

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